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( (アラビア語:أبو عبد الله محمد بن عبد الله اللواتي الطنجي بن بطوطة), '), or simply Muhammad Ibn Battuta () (February 25, 1304 – 1368 or 1369), was an explorer of Berber descent, who is widely recognised as one of the greatest travelers of all time.〔 After outlining the extensive route of Ibn Battuta's Journey, Nehru notes: "This is a record of travel which is rare enough today with our many conveniences.... In any event, Ibn Battuta must be amongst the great travellers of all time."〕 He is known for his extensive travels, accounts of which were published in the ''Rihla'' (lit. "Journey"). Over a period of thirty years, Ibn Battuta visited most of the known Islamic world as well as many non-Muslim lands. His journeys included trips to North Africa, the Horn of Africa, West Africa and Eastern Europe, and to the Middle East, South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and China. ==Early life and first ''hajj''== All that is known about Ibn Battuta's life comes from the autobiographical information included in the account of his travels, which records that he was born into a family of Islamic legal scholars in Tangier, Morocco, on February 25, 1304, during the reign of the Marinid dynasty. He claimed descent from a Berber tribe known as the Lawata.〔; 〕 As a young man he would have studied at a Sunni Maliki madh'hab, (Islamic jurisprudence) school, the dominant form of education in North Africa at that time. In June 1325, at the age of twenty-one, Ibn Battuta set off from his hometown on a ''hajj'', or pilgrimage, to Mecca, a journey that would take sixteen months. He would not see Morocco again for twenty-four years.
He travelled to Mecca overland, following the North African coast across the sultanates of Abd al-Wadid and Hafsid. The route took him through Tlemcen, Béjaïa, and then Tunis, where he stayed for two months.〔; 〕 For safety, Ibn Battuta usually joined a caravan to reduce the risk of being robbed. He took a bride in the town of Sfax, the first in a series of marriages that would feature in his travels.〔; 〕 In the early spring of 1326, after a journey of over , Ibn Battuta arrived at the port of Alexandria, which was at the time part of the Bahri Mamluk empire. He met two ascetic pious men in Alexandria. One was Sheikh Burhanuddin who is supposed to have foretold the destiny of Ibn Batuta as a world traveler saying "It seems to me that you are fond of foreign travel. You will visit my brother Fariduddin in India, Rukonuddin in Sind and Burhanuddin in China. Convey my greetings to them". Another pious man Sheikh Murshidi interpreted the meaning of a dream of Ibn Batutah that he was meant to be a world traveller.〔Travels of Ibne Batutah translated by H.A.R Gibb〕 He spent several weeks visiting sites in the area, and then headed inland to Cairo, the capital of the Mamluk Sultanate and an important large city. After spending about a month in Cairo,〔; 〕 he embarked on the first of many detours within the relative safety of Mamluk territory. Of the three usual routes to Mecca, Ibn Battuta chose the least-travelled, which involved a journey up the Nile valley, then east to the Red Sea port of Aydhab. Upon approaching the town, however, a local rebellion forced him to turn back. Ibn Battuta returned to Cairo and took a second side trip, this time to Mamluk-controlled Damascus. During his first trip he had encountered a holy man who prophesied that he would only reach Mecca by travelling through Syria.〔; ; 〕 The diversion held an added advantage; because of the holy places that lay along the way, including Hebron, Jerusalem, and Bethlehem, the Mamluk authorities spared no efforts in keeping the route safe for pilgrims. Without this help many travellers would be robbed and murdered. After spending the Muslim month of Ramadan in Damascus, he joined a caravan travelling the south to Medina, site of the tomb of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. After four days in the town, he journeyed on to Mecca, where completing his pilgrimage he took the honorific status of ''El-Hajji''. Rather than returning home, Ibn Battuta instead decided to continue on, choosing as his next destination the Ilkhanate, a Mongol Khanate, to the northeast. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ibn Battuta」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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